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The risky farming zone dictates its own requirements for varieties of tomatoes grown in the open field. They must be early or ultra-ripe, adapt well to changeable weather conditions, and be disease-resistant. It is desirable that they are well stored and transported over long distances, and the taste does not fail. Breeders are working hard to develop varieties that meet all these requirements. Among them is Vladimir Ivanovich Kozak. For 46 years of his work, he has many varieties of tomatoes based on wild currant tomatoes, which give plants resistance to diseases and excellent adaptation to any climatic adversity. One of these varieties is Yamal 200, the reviews of those who planted it are only positive.
Let's get acquainted in more detail with the description and characteristics of the variety, look at the photo of the fruits, find out the features of cultivation.
Description and characteristics
The Yamal 200 tomato variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2007 and is recommended for cultivation in all regions.
The tomato is intended for growing in open ground and under temporary film shelters.
In terms of ripening, it belongs to the early, the first fruits begin to ripen in 95 days. In cool summer, it can manifest itself as a medium early and gives the first ripe fruits after 100 days. Differs in a friendly return of the harvest - a considerable part of it is harvested already in the first decade. The originator of the variety is V.I. Kozak advises harvesting fruits in blanche ripeness, then the yield of the Yamal tomato increases. With good care, it reaches 4.6 kg per sq. m. For this variety, planting is recommended in two schemes: 40x70 and 50x60 cm. In this case, the spreading bushes have enough space, they are well ventilated.
The Yamal tomato bush is strong standard, differs in a small height - only 50 cm. It does not need to be formed or pinned, but it is advisable to tie up the central stem. The leaf of this tomato variety is medium in size. The bush is not very leafy, the fruits are perfectly illuminated by the sun.
Fruit characteristics
- the shape of the Yamal tomato variety is flat-round with weakly pronounced ribs;
- color is bright, red with shine, pronounced tomato aroma;
- the first fruits can reach up to 200g in weight, the subsequent ones will be slightly smaller;
- the taste of the Yamal tomato is slightly sour, which is often the case with early varieties, but a real tomato;
- the skin is quite dense, so Yamal tomatoes are well stored and transported without loss of quality;
- the variety was originally intended for whole-fruit canning, but according to the reviews of those who planted it, it is also very good in salad.
The description of the Yamal tomato variety will be incomplete, if not to say about its resistance to diseases, in particular to late blight.
On sale there are tomato seeds of the Yamal variety without the number 200 in the name. In general, the description of the Yamal tomato variety coincides with that for Yamal 200, but the fruits of the first variety are smaller - only up to 100 g. According to gardeners, their taste is very good. These tomatoes are tied in any summer, even rains do not interfere with them. The agricultural technology of the Yamal and Yamal 200 tomatoes has its own characteristics.
Tomato care
Tomatoes can be grown in both seedling and non-seedling methods. In the case of the Yamal tomato, the seedless method will not allow the plants to fully realize their yield potential, so seedlings will have to be grown.
Growing seedlings
The timing of sowing Yamal tomato seeds for seedlings is determined on the basis that for planting young plants should be 45 days old and from 5 to 7 true leaves.
To grow strong and stocky tomato seedlings Yamal and Yamal 200, you need to observe the correct light, temperature and irrigation regime, but first properly prepare the seeds.
They are etched in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, washed and soaked in a solution of a growth stimulant. Soaking time is about 12 hours. During this time, the seeds will swell and they must be sown immediately into the prepared soil.
As a soil for sowing, Vladimir Ivanovich Kozak recommends a mixture of sod land, humus and sand in a ratio of 4: 8: 1. For disinfection, the soil is spilled with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Seeds are sown only in warm, moist soil. Its temperature should not be less than + 20 degrees. Sow to a depth of 1 cm with a distance between rows of 3 cm, and in a row about 1 cm. The container with crops is covered with a plastic bag and placed in a warm place until the first shoots loops appear. After that, the package is removed, and the seedlings are exposed on a well-lit windowsill. The temperature at this time is kept within 12 degrees at night and 15 degrees during the day. After 4 days, they switch to the standard temperature regime: at night - 14 degrees, during the day 17 in cloudy weather and 21-23 - in clear weather.
Water the Yamal tomato seedlings sparingly, only when the topsoil dries out.
Before picking, which is carried out in the phase of 2 true leaves, transferring the seedlings into separate containers using a teaspoon, the seedlings are not fed. In the future, once a week, watering is combined with fertilizing with mineral fertilizers with a predominance of potassium over nitrogen.
Transplanting
It is carried out when the threat of returnable spring frosts has passed, and the soil temperature warms up to + 15 degrees. Before planting, Yamal tomato seedlings are hardened for 1 or 2 weeks, as the weather permits. The soil for tomatoes has been prepared since the fall, filling it well with rotted manure or compost - a bucket per square meter. m. Add 70-80 g of superphosphate to the same area. Nitrogen fertilizers and ash are embedded in the soil in early spring during harrowing.
The holes are dug in such a way that the tomato root system is spacious in it. When watering, phytosporin is added to the water - this is the first preventive treatment for late blight.
Well-watered Yamal tomato seedlings are sprinkled a little and sprinkled with dry earth. Plants shade. The first week they are watered only if there is a strong heat and the tomatoes are planted. In the future, watering should be regular - once a week, carried out no later than 3 hours before sunset. The water must have a temperature of at least 20 degrees. With the onset of flowering, tomatoes are watered more often - up to 2 times a week, and in dry and hot weather, every 2 days. After the full formation of the crop, watering is reduced.
Tomatoes are fed 2 weeks after planting with full mineral fertilizer with trace elements. Further feeding is repeated every 10-15 days, depending on the fertility of the soil.
Tomato Yamal needs double hilling with moist soil. This strengthens the root system, thereby increasing the yield.
This tomato does not need formation, but if there is a desire to get an early harvest, you can remove the stepsons below the first flower brush, however, the number of fruits in this case will be less.
Since the Yamal tomato is grown in the open field, timely preventive treatment of plants against late blight and other fungal diseases is necessary. At the first stage of cultivation, you can use chemical remedies. In the future, one should switch to biological and folk methods of dealing with these dangerous diseases: phytosporin, boric acid, iodine, milk serum.
Famous tomato expert Valery Medvedev tells more about Yamal tomato
