Content
Agrarians of Western Siberia and the Urals, engaged in the cultivation of sweet bell peppers on their plots (in greenhouses or greenhouses), most often recommend that novice gardeners pay attention to the early varieties of this culture. This is argued by the fact that in these climatic zones, spring warming, as a rule, is delayed, and a cold rainy autumn with the first frosts can come in mid-October. However, is it really so, and why early varieties of peppers, planted in open ground, sometimes give worse yields compared to mid-season and late ones.
What to look for when choosing a variety
Starting to look for "what is needed", gardeners rush for information on the Internet, looking for the desired variety in numerous volumes of the State Register of Vegetable Growing. However, many varieties and hybrids included in the register and intended for cultivation in the unstable climate of the Urals are only theoretically suitable for obtaining good and stable yields.
When choosing the best sweet pepper for the regions of the Urals, you need to focus on the winter hardiness of the variety, its adaptability to a certain light zone and a short cool summer. All this can be initially laid down in the hybrid by breeders, but gardeners themselves must observe the main set of conditions for a thermophilic sweet pepper.
Here are just a few recommendations of the Ural farmers who receive early and mid-season Ural sweet peppers on their plots:
Germination of planting material
Despite some recommendations from producers that seeds need to start germinating and hardening in February, for the Ural soils this event should be held no earlier than March 20. As soon as the seeds hatch, sow them immediately.
Growing strong, disease-resistant seedlings
The hatched seeds are sown in opaque cups. Since the root of the pepper is too weak and easily injured, it is best if the planting material is planted in disposable peat containers. The second rule - in no case let the seedlings dry out by regularly watering the seedlings. The air temperature in the room where the pepper rises should not fall below 25-260FROM.
Warm air and soil
Be sure to prepare the beds for transferring seedlings to open ground. If the soil is prepared and insulated correctly, the guarantee of high yields is guaranteed. At a time when the seedlings are already prepared for transfer, you need to put heated plastic bottles with water or a natural stone on the beds, which gives off heat at night and warms up under the sun's rays during the day.
The same applies to air temperature. Transplant peppers into open ground only when the temperature is guaranteed not to drop below 14-160C. In the process of growth, flowering and fruiting, the ideal temperature regime is 260S. Mid-season and early varieties of pepper for the Urals love neutral soils. Fertilize the soil with compost 2.5 weeks before transferring seedlings to open ground.
Watering and lighting
It's no secret that sweet bell peppers are very fond of regular watering and direct natural light. The most effective way to retain moisture in the soil is to mulch. Immediately after transferring the seedlings to a permanent place of growth, mulch the beds. The layer of mulch should not be lower than 20 cm, so during the entire period of flowering and fruiting, be sure to add fresh under the bush. Pepper should not grow under the open scorching sun, but it is simply necessary to provide it with natural light throughout the day.
Sweet pepper shaping
The best peppers for the Urals require regular pinching. In order for the bush to be powerful and the plant to grow, remove the first flower that appears on it. Pinching will also need to be carried out after the formation of three or more branches, however, it must be carried out after full adaptation of the seedlings in the open field and rooting it.
Forming the right crop also matters. There is no need to leave all the ovaries on the bush, since the plant will give strength to the growing season of the fruit. There will be a lot of peppers, but there is no guarantee that all of them will have time to ripen before the arrival of cold weather. Leave the fruits that have already appeared on the bush, the rest of the ovaries, if there are a lot of them, remove. Also pay attention to tall varieties of pepper - leaves must be removed from the bottom of the stem during growth.
Fertilizing
Experienced farmers of the Urals use several basic types of mixtures and compositions for feeding. Throughout the entire period of growth, the bushes are fed 3-5 times with ash and about six times - with any bionast that is suitable for this variety. This is quite enough for the crop to produce stable and tasty yields.
In addition to these simple recommendations, when growing fruitful varieties of pepper in the regions of the Urals, pay attention to the regularity and frequency of watering. In no case do not allow the soil to dry out.
The best early varieties of sweet bell peppers for the Urals
Montero
The full growing season is less than 100 days from the formation of the first shoots. The plant is a tall bush that grows up to 120 cm and more in greenhouses and greenhouses. When landing in open ground and in film shelters, it requires a support and a garter.
The shape of the fruit is slightly elongated, with an average weight of up to 200 grams. The skin is dense, glossy, in the period of biological maturity it has a bright red (closer to scarlet) color. Wall thickness - 7-8 mm. In the Urals, it is recommended for growing in greenhouses, but it also feels good in open areas if a film wind protection is provided.
One
Another universal and early maturing variety that has received well-deserved recognition from the gardeners of the Urals. Adapted for growing under plastic shelters and in the open field. The plant is a low-growing bush, the height of which does not exceed 80 cm, even in a greenhouse. Pepper is cuboid, with a wall thickness of 10 mm, and an average weight of one fruit - up to 200 gr.
Distinctive features of the "Edino" variety are high productivity even at low temperatures and high soil moisture associated with heavy rains. This is one of the few varieties that does not need to be kept indoors. At a stable warm temperature, the planting material is sown directly into the ground.
Winnie the Pooh
It belongs to early maturing varieties, with a full growing season outdoors - up to 110 days. The plant is very small. The bush rarely rises above the ground higher than 35-40 cm. The fruits ripen together, and look very beautiful on the bushes in the form of scarlet bouquets. The mass of one Winnie the Pooh pepper is 50-70 grams, however, this does not in any way affect the excellent taste of this variety.
Amber
An early ripe variety for growing in the Urals. It does not take more than 115 days from the first shoots to harvest.The color of the sweet pepper "Yantar" is orange, from where the variety got its name. The plant is medium-sized - 80-90 cm, in a greenhouse it requires additional supports and a garter.
Fruits are cone-shaped, large in size. The weight of one pepper is from 110 to 130 g, and the wall thickness is 7-8 mm. "Yantar" refers to high-yielding varieties, however, throughout the entire fruiting period, it requires mandatory feeding with mineral and organic fertilizers.
Agapovsky
A surprisingly beautiful scarlet pepper that gives early and stable yields in film shelters and in open areas. The mass of one fruit during the period of full ripening reaches 120-140 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 8 mm. The fruits are juicy, have excellent taste, and tolerate long-term storage and transportation well.
Gingerbread man
An early ripe sweet pepper variety bred specifically for the northern regions of the country. The bush does not exceed 30 cm during the period of growth arrest, it is compact. This quality of the variety allows you to significantly compact the planting of seedlings in beds and greenhouses.
Fruits "Kolobok" have an even, rounded shape, with an average weight of one pepper - up to 150 gr. Wall thickness 5-6 mm. The variety has a high and friendly yield. It is one of the few cultivars that can be harvested slightly unripe to give the plant the strength to cope with the maturation and growth of the remaining crop.
Nikitich
An early ripe sweet pepper variety with low, spreading bushes and large fruits, painted in a rich dark red color. The average weight of one pepper "Dobrynya Nikitich" is 130-150 grams, and the wall thickness can be up to 10 mm.
The growing season is 110 days from the first seed hatching. The plant is resistant to TMV, root and fruit rot. It tolerates a slight drought or, conversely, overflow of soil in the open field. The fruits have a juicy fragrant pulp and are versatile. They have worked well for canning and freezing for the winter.
Knight
A variety of bell peppers designed for tunnel shelters and open areas. The plant is a low-growing bush, 45-50 cm high. Fruits are cone-shaped with a dense glossy skin, painted in dark red. The average weight of one pepper is 130-140 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 8 mm.
The distinctive features of the Vityaz variety include resistance to viral diseases, slight drops in soil temperature, and short-term drought.
Mid-season sweet peppers for the Urals
Atlant
Pepper variety "Atlant" is adapted for cultivation in open ground and film tunnel shelters. The ripening period of the crop is from 110 to 125 days. The fruits are even, conical in shape, in biological ripeness they are colored red. The variety belongs to large-fruited - the weight of one Atlant pepper is from 200 grams and more, with a wall thickness of 5-6 mm.
Distinctive features of the Atlant sweet pepper variety are resistance to sudden temperature fluctuations, high taste.
Bogatyr
A mid-season variety with a growing season of fruits - up to 130 days. The fruits are large, conical in shape. The average weight of one Bogatyr pepper is 200-250 grams, with a length of 15-17 cm. The bush is medium-sized, spreading. In a greenhouse, it is recommended to tie the plant up.
Distinctive features of the variety are resistance to TMV, fungal infections of the soil, preservation of quality characteristics and presentation during long-term storage and transportation. The variety is very popular among the gardeners of the Urals, especially if the crops are harvested for canning or sale.
Red and yellow bull
These are mid-season varieties of peppers, differing from each other only in the color of the fruit. The pepper is prismatic, very large in size. The weight of one fruit in the period of full ripening can reach 220 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 8 mm. The growing season begins at 110-115 days from seed hatching.
Red and yellow bull are distinguished by high productivity.From one bush in August or September, you can harvest up to 8-10 kg of the crop.
Merchant
A mid-season variety with a ripening period of up to 120 days. The bush is medium-sized, and even in greenhouses does not grow above 90 cm. Fruits are cylindrical, small. The weight of one "Merchant" pepper is 100-120 grams.
Distinctive features of the "Kupets" variety are that when planting seedlings in the ground in mid or late May, the harvest can be harvested from the beginning of September until the first cold snaps in the soil. The plant perfectly tolerates sudden cold snaps and minor drought. Up to 4-5 kg of harvest is removed from one bush.
Helpful hints and tips
And a few more useful tips for those who grow pepper in their summer cottages and gardens in the Urals:
- It is necessary to transfer seedlings if the outside air temperature is stable at about 150C. The first time at night to cover with foil or spunbond;
- Resistance to low night temperatures can be added to the plant by means such as Zircon or Epin.
By following all the necessary recommendations for growing sweet peppers in the Urals, you can achieve quite good results and grow a tasty and large harvest. For more information on the varieties and cultivation of sweet peppers in the Urals, see the video:
never went through the seed preparation procedure, germination was very low, the plant was always strong, but there were few peppers and often they rotted. Next season I will do everything according to the rules, I hope for the best result.