Content
A gift for teachers - an early cherry variety, loved by gardeners in central Russia. Taking into account the peculiarities of the variety, its strong and weak qualities, by planting a tree according to the rules and taking care of it correctly, you can get stable good yields from year to year.
Breeding history
An early cherry variety A gift to teachers was artificially bred on the basis of the All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops in the city of Orel. The authorship of the variety belongs to A. F. Kolesnikova, A. A. Gulyaeva, A. V. Zavyalova and E. N. Dzhigadlo. It was obtained as a result of crossing the self-fertile high-yielding winter-hardy cherry Lyubskaya with Orlovskaya early, resistant to coccomycosis.
State tests of the variety have been carried out since 2003.
Description of culture
The “Gift for teachers” variety is characterized by medium-sized trees, no more than 3 m in height. Their crown is raised, spreading, rather wide, rounded and of medium density.
The bark at the bottom of the trunk and on the main branches is smooth and brown. Shoots are straight, medium in size.
Cherry Leaves Gift for teachers - dark green, egg-shaped. The leaf blade is serrated along the edge, has a pointed apex. The surface is flat, matte, smooth. The petiole is 17 mm long and almost 2 mm thick, stained with anthocyanin pigment.
Buds (growth and flowering) are slightly deviated from the shoots, they are about 4 mm long.
Cherry fruit shape Gift for teachers is rounded, color - dark red. There is no wax coating on the surface. The pulp is red, juicy, moderately firm. The average weight of the fetus is from 4.1 to 4.5 g; the bone is about 6% of it. The cherry pits of this variety are round and can be easily separated from the pulp. The length and thickness of the peduncle are medium.
The durability of trees is considered high.
The fruitful abilities of cherries A gift for teachers is maximized in the Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Tambov, Lipetsk, Orel regions of the Russian Federation.
Characteristics
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
By the method of laboratory research, it was revealed that the winter hardiness potential of cherries. Gift to teachers is very high. With reversible kidney and tissue damage, this cherry variety can withstand temperatures as low as -38 degrees (in the midst of winter) and up to -20 (after the onset of the thaw).
In especially unfavorable years, the rate of freezing of flowers is about 0.9%.
Evaluating the water-holding capacity of leaves and the level of restoration of their water content, scientists have characterized this cherry variety as a form with a high degree of heat resistance - the ability to withstand high temperatures. However, in terms of drought resistance (the ability to withstand a long-term lack of water), the Gift to teachers was not highly appreciated, yielding to many other varieties.
Flowering period, pollination and ripening times
Cherry blossom time Gift for teachers - medium (May 15-20).
This cherry is partially self-fertile (it is capable of setting from 5 to 18% of the fruits from its own pollen).However, in order to obtain a more generous harvest and improve its quality, it is recommended to plant a cherry of another variety in the vicinity of it - a pollinator.
Cherry pollinators A gift for teachers should be close to her in terms of flowering, fruiting period and longevity. Plants should be planted at a distance of no more than 35-40 m from each other, while taking into account that there are no flowering trees of other crops (for example, apple trees, pears) between them. In this case, the varieties will be well pollinated by bees - as well as other insects - and successfully set fruits.
So, in a cool and rainy spring, flowering can last more than a week. Insects will not be able to actively visit flowers, and the latter will crumble. In the case of a warm spring, both early and late varieties can bloom and re-pollinate at the same time.
The presence of bee hives nearby will also create excellent conditions for yields.
Cherry fruits ripen. Gift for teachers early (by the beginning of July).
Productivity, fruiting
Cherry trees of this variety begin to bear fruit in the fourth year of life. They differ in average yield (53.3 kg / ha, or approximately 7‒10 kg per tree).
Composition of cherries The gift for teachers (for every 100 g) is rich in:
- ascorbic acid (more than 15 mg);
- catechins (more than 300 mg);
- anthocyanins (more than 200 mg).
The percentage of dry substances in them is about 18.2%, acids - 1%, sugar - almost 12%.
Scope of berries
Cherry fruit Gift for teachers juicy, sweet and sour taste. The variety is considered a table variety, but it is often used for making jams and compotes.
The tasting score of this cherry is 4.3 points (with a maximum of 5).
Disease and pest resistance
One of the main characteristics cherry varieties A gift to teachers - a relatively high resistance of the variety to coccomycosis, the most dangerous fungal disease that affects stone fruit trees. This cherry is moderately resistant to monilial fruit rot. At the same time, this variety is rather weakly resistant to other fungal diseases (anthracnose, scab, perforated spot).
To find out how to deal with fungal diseases of cherries, the video will help:
Significant harm to cherries A gift to teachers, like other varieties of cherry trees, can be caused by:
- parasitic fungi;
- insect pests - worms, aphids, ringed silkworm, weevil, shoot moth, etc.;
- birds (spoil the harvest).
Advantages and disadvantages
Dignity | disadvantages |
Early ripening of fruits | Does not have high resistance to most fungal diseases |
Stable yield | Weak drought tolerance |
Winter hardy variety | Average palatability of fruits |
High heat resistance |
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Relative resistance to coccomycosis and monilial rot of fruits |
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Partial self-fertility |
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Fruits are rich in nutrients |
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Landing features
Recommended timing
The timing of planting a cherry tree depends on the region:
- in the areas of the middle lane, it is preferable to plant cherries in the ground in early spring, when the frosts stop, and the soil thaws and dries slightly;
- in the southern and central regions with a milder climate, an autumn (October) planting can be carried out - about a month before the soil starts to freeze.
Choosing the right place
For cherries of this variety, light (sandy and sandy loam) soils, loose and loose, as well as medium loamy, are preferred. The acidity of the soil should be neutral.
The site must be well lit (preferably on the south side), taking into account the longevity of the cherry and the possibility of its growth.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Optimal neighbors for cherries Gift for teachers will be:
- cherry trees of other varieties;
- cherries;
- Rowan;
- grapes;
- hawthorn;
- elder.
You should not plant such crops next to it:
- Linden;
- Birch tree;
- maple;
- apricot;
- nightshade vegetables (eggplant, pepper, tomato);
- some shrubs (raspberries, gooseberries, sea buckthorn).
Selection and preparation of planting material
Choosing cherry seedlings A gift for teachers can be both two years old and one year old, but first of all, you should pay attention to the roots: they must be healthy, not damaged and not be spoiled by insects.
After the purchase, the roots of the seedlings are moistened with water, wrapped with a cloth, and then with a film. Before planting in autumn, they should be immersed in water for 6-10 hours (after slightly cutting off the tips).
If planting is planned in the spring, the seedlings are usually purchased in the fall, and added in the winter, covering the ground over the roots with spruce branches.
Landing algorithm
Planting cherries A gift for teachers is made as follows:
- in the garden, a planting pit should be prepared with a size of approximately 60 * 60 * 60 cm;
- drive a stake (about 1 m high) into the center of the pit - it will serve as a support for the plant;
- first apply fertilizer to the bottom, then add 5‒8 cm of fertile soil;
- expose the seedling, spread its roots;
- fill up the hole, compacting the soil well and forming a hole around the seedling;
- water the plant with two or three buckets of water;
- cover the hole with earth, humus or peat;
- carefully tie the cherry to the support.
Follow-up care of the culture
Cherry pruning The gift for teachers after planting is that all branches of the seedling, including the central shoot, are shortened by about a third, leaving three buds. In the second and third years of the cherry's life, formative pruning is carried out.
Water the cherry several times per season:
- at the end of spring;
- at the beginning of August;
- before the onset of cold weather.
Schedule of basic fertilizing for cherries Gift for teachers:
Timing | Fertilizers |
Simultaneously with the first watering | Mineral, manure solution with wood ash |
2 weeks later | Mineral |
Before winter comes | Organic, phosphorus-potash |
To protect cherry trees from rodents, they recommend:
- wrap the trunks with a plastic mesh with small cells;
- soak the sawdust with an aqueous solution of carbolic acid (5 g per 1 l) and spread them in the near-trunk circles;
- spread coriander inflorescences under young cherry seedlings.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
| Diseases / pests | Symptoms / Signs | Prevention and ways of dealing |
| Anthracnose | Dull pinkish spots on the berries, growing into tubercles. Subsequently, the berries are mummified | Triple treatment of the plant with a polyram solution (20 g per 10 l of water) |
| Scab | Cracks and velvety marsh-brown marks on the fruit | Warning - spraying cherries with nitrafen before buds bloom. Treatment - three times processing of wood with Bordeaux liquid (1%) |
| Hole spot | Red-brown foci, then - through holes on the leaves, the bark cracks on the shoots, the fruits dry and disfigure | Collection and burning of diseased leaves, fruits and shoots. Treatment of trees before bud break with iron sulfate or Bordeaux liquid (3%) |
| Aphid | Colonies of black shiny beetles (up to 2 mm in size) sucking sap from plants | Destruction weeds... Spraying cherries with infusions of garlic, onion, dandelion, ash |
| Weevil | A bronze-green beetle with a raspberry hue, feeding on buds, flowers, and later on ovaries | Loosening the soil under the trees. Spraying with Fufanon and Kinmix |
| Ringed silkworm | A dark gray fluffy caterpillar that feeds on leaves and buds. "Cobweb" on cherry branches | Removal and incineration of egg clutches. Treating the tree with nitrafen before the buds bloom |
| Shoot moth | Yellow-green caterpillar destroying buds and young foliage | Loosening the soil under the trees.Spraying cherries with Intravir or Decis during the period of bud growth |
| Parasitic fungi | Honey mushrooms or tinder fungi growing into the lower part of the trunk | Remove the parasite, clean the wound, treat it with copper sulfate (3%) and cover it with garden varnish |
Conclusion
Common cherry A gift for teachers - an early fruitful variety, cold and heat resistant, characterized by partial self-fertility, grows well in the regions of the Central Black Earth Region. However, this variety does not tolerate drought well, and also has a weak resistance to most fungal diseases - you should not forget about this when choosing it for your personal plot.
