Content
Cherry varieties are divided into technical, table and universal. It is noteworthy that cultivars with sweet large berries grow well in the south, while northerners have to be content with small and sour ones. The climate of most of Russia is temperate or cold, therefore entire scientific institutes are working on the adaptation and breeding of frost-resistant varieties. Cherry Dessert Morozovoy today is one of the sweetest, growing in a temperate continental climate.
Breeding history
Federal Scientific Center. Michurina submitted an application for the inclusion of the Desertnaya Morozova cherry variety in the State Register in 1987. She was satisfied in 1997. The variety was created by T.V. Morozova, but it is difficult to say from which cherry it originated. The State Register, presented by the State Variety Commission, claims that this is a mutagen obtained from Griot Ostheimsky. FGNBU VNIISPK names Vladimirskaya cherry as the initial variety used to create Dessertnaya Morozova.
Both sources agree that the cultivar was obtained after targeted mutation. Griot Ostheimsky is an old Spanish variety, described at the end of the 18th century. Vladimir cherry is believed to have been cultivated in Russia since the 16th century. Both varieties are griots.
Description of culture
The height of the Morozova Dessertnaya cherry tree can reach 3 m. The crown is spreading, oval, rare. Straight branches become bare with age. On the trunk and old branches, the bark is colored light brown. The growth of the tree is intense.
Large cherry buds are strongly deviated from the shoots. Large matte leaves are light green, obovate, with a serrated edge. The petiole is of medium thickness and length, along the entire length of anthocyanin coloration.
The flowers are large, white. The berries of an early ripening period are large, round, weighing up to 3.7 g (with good agricultural technology - 4.7 g). The abdominal suture is almost invisible, and there is a small depression at the apex. Like other griots, the fruits, pulp and juice are dark red. The berry is soft, juicy, tender, medium-sized stone. It contains a lot of sugar and little acid, the taste rating is 4.6 points. Fruiting occurs at an annual growth rate.
The variety is recommended for cultivation in the Central Black Earth Region.
Brief characteristic of the variety
If you want to plant sweet cherries in the garden, which children and adults will be happy to eat, the Dessertnaya Morozova variety is perfect.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
Cherry Dessert Morozovoy has an average resistance to drought - in hot summer, it needs watering 1-2 times a month. In the Central Black Earth Region it winters without shelter and withstands frosts well. For more northerly regions, other varieties should be chosen. Dessert Morozova blooms early and will definitely fall under return frosts, even if the tree is covered.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
Dessertnaya Morozovaya variety is one of the earliest. It blooms and bears fruit one of the first. Harvesting of Dessertnaya Morozova cherries in Michurinsk, where the variety was tested, begins in the second decade of June.
As pollinators, you can use:
- Student;
- Vladimirskaya;
- Griot Ostheimsky;
- Griot Rossoshansky.
The variety Dessertnaya Morozovaya is partially self-fertile and can yield a harvest without other cherries, however, it will be 7-20% of the possible.
Productivity, fruiting
3-4 years after planting in the garden, the variety begins to bear fruit. Control trees gave 50-70 centners per hectare. This is 10 quintals more than the yield of Lyubskaya, which is considered one of the most prolific.
One-dimensional berries are formed on an annual growth, so the variety needs pruning to stimulate the formation of young shoots. Fruiting is annual. The berries are cleanly detached from the stalk, despite the tender pulp, they are well transported.
Scope of berries
Dessert Morozova is a table variety. Berries of excellent dessert taste are sweet, juicy, with a barely perceptible sourness. They are usually eaten fresh, and jams and drinks have a slightly flat taste.
Disease and pest resistance
Pests affect Dessert Morozova in the same way as other varieties. Cherry resistance to coccomycosis is high, but only if there are no infected trees nearby. During the tests, a seedling of this variety was placed in a garden infected with a fungus. As a result, coccomycosis resistance dropped to medium.
Advantages and disadvantages
In a temperate continental climate, the Desertnaya Morozovaya variety is one of the best. It is not suitable for cold regions - flowering begins very early, even if the buds do not freeze in winter, recurrent frosts will "catch up" with them. The undoubted advantages of the variety include:
- Early ripening of berries.
- Regular fruiting.
- Dessert taste.
- Uniformity of fruits.
- Good disease resistance.
- Easy to harvest.
- Good transportability of berries.
- High productivity.
- Partial self-fertility.
Among the disadvantages, it should be noted:
- In a heavily infected garden, resistance to coccomycosis decreases.
- Insufficient winter hardiness.
- Exposure of old branches.
- Medium drought tolerance.
- Griots are the best pollinators. All of them are table varieties, like Dessertnaya Morozova. For a small garden, where there is no way to plant a third cherry, this is bad, you need at least one tree with technical or universal berries for making juices and jams.
Landing features
With proper care and planting in the recommended region, the cultivar will perform well.
Recommended timing and selection of a suitable location
In the Central Black Earth Region, this variety should be planted in the spring, as soon as the soil allows. All work must be completed before bud break. It is better to prepare the planting pit in the fall.
Cherries are placed on the southern side of buildings or a fence, in the west of hills with a slight slope. The groundwater table must be greater than 2 m from the soil surface. The earth must be neutral and contain a large amount of organic matter.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
The best neighbors for cherries are related pollinating varieties, so the yield will be greater. Of course, they should not shade each other, in addition, a distance of about 3 m between trees must be maintained in order to reduce the likelihood of cross-infection with fungal diseases.
Cherries grow well next to other stone fruits and grapes. Oak, maple, birch and linden secrete substances that inhibit the fruit tree. Falling needles of conifers acidify the soil, which is unacceptable for cherries.
Sea buckthorn, blackberries or raspberries that form many shoots take away moisture and nutrients. Black currants and cherries are generally irreconcilable antagonists, they will grow poorly nearby, they may even die.
For the first 2-3 years, the trunk circle must be kept clean, loosened and removed weeds... Once the cherries have taken root, the root can be covered with shade-tolerant ground covers that grow in your area, such as periwinkle or tenacious.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Of course, it is better to go to the nursery and see to it that the cherries are dug up before your very eyes. But such an opportunity does not always appear. Buy planting material from large garden centers, so it is more likely that it will be of high quality and match the variety.
Seedlings take root best of all:
- annuals about 80 cm high;
- biennial up to 110 cm.
The root should be well developed and the wood should be light brown. A one and a half meter tree with a greenish stem is unlikely to overwinter (if it lasts until the end of the growing season) - it was too diligently "fed" with nitrogen or stimulants.
Landing algorithm
The correct planting site does not guarantee that the cherry will take root well if the soil in your area is unsuitable. The acidic reaction is neutralized with lime or dolomite flour, sand is added to the dense one. Cherry loves humus, it is poured into each planting hole, mixing with the top layer of soil. Superphosphate and potassium salt (50 g each) are used as a starting fertilizer.
It is better to prepare the planting hole in the fall. Its depth should be about 40-60 cm, diameter - about 80 cm. Planting sequence:
- Attach a sturdy peg to the bottom, slightly to the side of the center.
- Place a cherry in the middle, gradually fill it with a fertile mixture, compacting the soil as the hole fills. The root collar should be 5-8 cm above the surface.
- Create a curb from the remaining soil around the trunk circle.
- Tie the seedling to a peg.
- Pour 2-3 buckets of water over the cherries.
- Mulch the trunk circle (preferably with humus).
Follow-up care of the culture
The first vegetative season you need to water the seedling well, and when the soil dries up, loosen it. This will allow more air to flow to the roots. Cherries that have taken root and have entered fruiting are watered only if there is no rain for a long time. In dry hot weather, this is done 1-2 times a month.
Cherries love nitrogen and potassium, they need phosphorus in small quantities. It is preferable to mulch the trunk circle with cow or horse manure in the fall, adding a liter can of ash. If you are using mineral fertilizers, apply nitrogen in the spring and potassium and phosphorus in the fall.
Fruiting of the Dessertnaya Morozovaya variety is stimulated by scraps. For this, twigs older than 2 years are shortened.
We also need sanitary pruning of Dessertnaya Morozova cherries. A photo of an old cherry tree, the branches of which grew as needed, show that they become bare with age without proper care.
In the southern regions and regions recommended for cultivating varieties, cherries do not need to be covered for the winter. The trunk is wrapped with straw, burlap or spruce branches to protect it from hares and other hungry rodents.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The variety Dessertnaya Morozovaya has a high resistance to coccomycosis, which decreases when infected trees are located close. So for this cherry, the prevention of fungal diseases is very important.
Problem | External signs | Treatment | Preventive measures |
| Cherry diseases |
|
|
Coccomycosis | Dark spots appear on the leaf blade, then holes form in their place. In summer, diseased vegetative organs of cherries fall off | Treatment with copper-containing preparations on the green cone. After the leaves fall - with iron vitriol | In the spring and autumn, preventive treatments are carried out.Fallen leaves are removed from the site. Pruning is carried out in a timely manner. Do not thicken plantings. |
Moliniasis | The tree seems to have been affected by the heat. Following the wilting of flowers and cherry leaves, whole branches dry out | Infected branches are cut out, capturing part of healthy tissue. The wound surface is covered with garden varnish. The tree is sprayed twice with copper-containing fungicides at intervals of 2 weeks. | |
| Cherry pests |
|
|
Aphid | Small black or green winged insects suck out cell sap from young shoots and leaves of cherry. Pest congestion becomes sticky | With a small amount of aphids, cherries are treated with soapy water. In case of severe damage - a drug with the active substance bifenthrin | Ant fighting |
Cherry Sawer | Dark larvae covered with slimy secretions gnaw holes in cherry leaves | Treat cherries with Aktelik or another suitable insecticide | Do not thicken cherry plantings, carry out preventive spraying, attract birds to the garden |
The table variety Dessertnaya Morozova is one of the best griots. For early cherries, the berries are very tasty. The variety showed itself best when grown in the recommended region - Central Black Earth.
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