Content
Apple variety Pobeda (Chernenko) is an old variety of Soviet selection, the result of many years of work by the scientist S. F Chernenko, who is the author of the famous "Apple Calendar". Ripe fruits are characterized by a greenish-yellow color. When lying on the sides of apples, a characteristic yellowness appears, as a result, the color is transformed into a creamy green.
Apples get a noticeable "tan" on the sunny side
Description of the apple variety Pobeda with a photo
Winter apple variety Pobeda has been time-tested, for more than 90 years it has been very popular among private breeders and on an industrial scale. Begins to bear fruit actively and abundantly at 9-10 years of age. The crop yield is impressive, more than 100-110 kg of fruits from one tree.
Some 10-year-old trees can give maximum yields - up to 100-110 kg
Breeding history
The popular winter apple variety Pobeda was bred in 1927 by the famous breeder S.F. Chernenko. The two most successful varieties are taken as a basis: "Antonovka ordinary" and "London Pepin". The Pobeda (Chernenko) sample was developed specifically for the Central Black Earth regions of Russia.
The winter apple variety Pobeda (Chernenko) is not included in the state register of breeding achievements of Russia
Fruit and tree appearance
The tree and fruits of the winter apple variety Pobeda are characterized by the following features:
- crown height - up to 5-6 m;
- crown width - up to 7 m;
- crown shape - round, spherical, hemispherical;
- the trunk is strong;
- the location of the branches - along the entire perimeter of the crown;
- skeletal branches with a large number of annelids;
- bark - brown (on the shoots - greenish with a bluish bloom);
- the shape of the leaves is ovoid, oblong, medium in size, slightly twisted with raised edges;
- the presence of pubescence on the lower part of the leaves;
- the color of the leaves is deep green;
- the average weight of the fruit is 200-260 g;
- the shape of the fruit is conical, flat-round;
- fruit color is greenish-yellow without blush (greenish-cream in bed);
- the color of the flesh is white, with a creamy tint;
- pulp characteristics - juicy, loose;
- the taste of the pulp is dessert, sweet and sour;
- the structure of the skin is smooth, dense, of medium thickness with rounded interspersed white.
Some of the apples of the Pobeda variety can reach a weight of 400 g.
Life span
The lifespan of the Pobeda (Chernenko) apple tree is about 35 years. Abundant fruiting occurs at the age of 10.
Adult culture is a sprawling, beautiful tree
Taste
The taste characteristics of the Pobeda apple variety can be described as dessert, sweet and sour. Due to its classic taste, ripe apples of this variety are successfully eaten fresh, used for making juices, compotes, preserves, jams.
Tasting assessment of apples of the Pobeda variety (Chernenko) - 4.2 points out of a possible 5
Growing regions
At the beginning of the 20th century, apple trees of the Pobeda variety were planted in Belarus, some regions of Ukraine, as well as in the Voronezh, Kursk, Oryol and Tula regions of Russia. Currently, the culture is cultivated with great success in the south and in the Central Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation.
Since the plant is characterized by an average level of cold and winter hardiness, the regions of the Non-Black Earth Region are of little use for growing Pobeda apple trees.
To grow the Pobeda apple tree on the territory of the Non-Black Earth Region, special care should be provided for the culture in the cold season.
Yield
The yield of adult plants (over 10 years of age) of the Pobeda variety is about 105-110 kg of apples from one tree. The abundance of fruiting depends on age:
- does not bear fruit until 6 years old;
- up to 100 kg of fruit can be harvested from a 10-year-old tree;
- from 12-15-year-old apple trees, up to 105-110 kg can be harvested.
Some gardeners celebrated record harvests from one apple tree - 264 kg of fruits
Frost resistant
Despite many advantages, the frost resistance of Pobeda apple trees does not differ in high rates (above average). Plants can grow and bear fruit in the southern and central regions of Russia. To grow in the northern regions of the Russian Federation, plants need additional care in the winter (effective shelter).
The culture is not endowed with the ability to regenerate tissues, therefore, frozen shoots are restored for a long time, they can hardly endure the harsh winter
Disease and pest resistance
The main goal pursued by the breeder S.F.Chernenko, breeding the Pobeda variety, was scab resistance. Plants of this variety are practically not affected by scab, however, during rainy summer periods there is a risk of infection with this disease. The scab appears as a brown bloom on the leaves and black-gray spots on the fruit.
Modern fungicides are suitable for treating apple trees from scab.
Fruit rot, or moniliosis, also affects the Pobeda apple trees at the end of summer. Fruit rot is manifested by pale yellow spots on the fruit, which become unusable. Plants are sprayed with complex preparations.
To get rid of fruit rot, you need to spray the plants two times: the first time when the foliage appears, the second after the end of flowering.
Powdery mildew affects all parts of plants. The foliage curls, dries up, falls off. To combat the disease, fungicides, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate and liquid soap are used.
In order not to provoke powdery mildew infection, the irrigation regime should be revised
In addition, moths, moths, moths, moths, leafworms, aphids, and ants can attack the apple tree. As a preventive measure, modern universal insecticides can be used.
Flowering period and ripening period
The flowering period of apple trees of the late winter variety Pobeda (Chernenko) is May. Fruits reach removable maturity in late September or early October. Experts note that the taste of apples is revealed with maximum force only at the end of October or at the beginning of November. This period is called the "consumer maturity" stage.
Apples of this variety can be stored for a long time: until March-April
Pollinators
The late winter apple variety Pobeda (Chernenko) is considered self-fertile in part, since it does not require the obligatory presence of pollinating varieties near the crop. Experienced flower growers agree that the abundance of fruiting and the quality of the taste characteristics of the fruits depend on the presence of apple trees of such varieties as White filling, Medunitsa, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Quinti in the same territory.
The planting scheme should provide a 6-meter distance between the pollinated trees
Transportation and keeping quality
Large-fruited apples Pobeda (Chernenko) are characterized by high commercial qualities and versatility. Apples are harvested on sunny, fine days, sorted, put in clean boxes for further transportation. Ripe fruits of the late winter Pobeda apple tree are capable of maintaining ideal taste and consumer qualities in maturation until April.
Thanks to a fairly strong peel, Pobeda (Chernenko) apples can easily carry long-distance transportation by various modes of transport
Advantages and disadvantages
Among the disadvantages of the Pobeda apple tree variety are:
- a fairly high percentage of rotting of fruits infected with the moth;
- susceptibility to fruit rot infection;
- large tree sizes (not suitable for small areas);
- late fruiting (from 10 years of age);
- the tendency of apples to fall off when ripe.
The advantages of this variety add up to a whole range of advantages:
- delicious, refreshing, thirst-quenching dessert taste with sweet and sour aftertaste;
- large sizes of fruits endowed with good commercial qualities;
- high productivity;
- sufficient resistance to scab;
- long shelf life of the crop.
Apple trees of the late winter variety Pobeda are the most resistant to scab damage
Landing
The timing of planting apple seedlings of the Pobeda variety may differ, depending on the climatic conditions of the region:
- in the southern regions, planting is carried out in the fall, presumably 1 month before the onset of the first frost;
- in the central regions, planting is carried out in the spring, before bud break.
When choosing a place to place a tree, it is necessary to give preference to flat, sunny places protected from the wind. The groundwater level should not be higher than 2-2.5 m. In the case of a close occurrence of groundwater, broken brick or expanded clay (layer up to 15 cm) is placed in the hole for placing apple tree seedlings (layer up to 15 cm) to create a drainage effect.
Apple tree seedling Pobeda (Chernenko) should be 1-2 years old, even, tall, straight, with a thick stem, with pronounced cranking. The diameter of the trunk at the base of the trunk is up to 2.5 cm, the diameter of the trunk under the crown is up to 1.7 cm. The bark and root system of seedlings should not contain signs of damage by pests or diseases.
It is best to purchase 1-2-year-old apple tree seedlings from specialized nurseries.
Apple tree planting algorithm:
- A few weeks before the expected time of planting seedlings in open ground, planting holes are dug up to 60 cm wide and up to 45 cm deep.
- The soil removed from the pit is divided into 2 parts (surface and low-lying layer), mixed with compost, lime, superphosphate and potassium chloride.
- At the bottom of the planting hole, drainage from expanded clay or broken brick is laid.
- A supporting wooden stake is driven into the center of the hole.
- The soil around the seedling is compacted.
- The seedlings are watered abundantly, at the rate of up to 10 liters of water per plant.
The pit is filled with the prepared soil mixture by ½ the size.
Growing and care
Caring for the Pobeda apple tree is the implementation of generally accepted complex measures related to watering, fertilization, sanitary pruning and pest control.
During the growing season, watering of young apple trees (up to 5 years of age) should be regular and abundant enough (6-7 times per season). Starting from the age of 5, apple trees need more modest watering (3-4 times per season).
Watering each apple tree requires up to 2 liters of water
Fertilizers are especially necessary for young Pobeda apple trees in spring. It can be nitrogen-containing drugs, urea solution, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Older trees need organic matter. Compost is suitable, which is bordered by the circumference of the trunk at the end of autumn before wintering.
Spraying with liquid mineral complexes containing phosphorus, calcium, potassium, improves the taste of apples
Sanitary pruning and crown formation are mandatory spring activities, during which broken, dried, frozen branches and non-fruiting shoots are removed, lichen and moss outgrowths are eliminated on the bark, and the trunk is whitewashed.
Removing non-fruiting shoots in early spring will allow the apple tree to direct all its forces to the formation of fruits
Collection and storage
Harvesting from late winter Pobeda (Chernenko) apple trees is carried out in late September or early October, in sunny weather.
Under favorable conditions, apples retain their taste until March-April.The ideal conditions for placing crops for storage is a dark, cool room without sudden changes in temperature, without exposure to high humidity.
Average shelf life of Pobeda apples - 3 months
Conclusion
Giving preference to the newfangled trends of domestic and foreign selection, gardeners often forget the classic varieties that can surprise and delight with the decorative properties of trees, the taste of fruits and record yields. The apple variety Pobeda (1927), bred by the famous breeder S.F. Chernenko, is worthy of the attention of modern gardeners.
Testimonials
I have two apple tree trunks Pobeda Chernenko. One is grafted on an apple tree Anise gray (began to bear fruit in the 10th year), the second on Cinnamon (fruits appeared in the 6th year). The garden is located in the city of Yoshkar-Ola, the Republic of Mari El. I took the scion from my two friends, who have been growing these apple trees for 25 years. The tree overwinters beautifully (our climate is not at all a black earth strip), it is not affected by scab. Apples, after 2 months of storage in the basement, taste better than the famous Antonovka and are stored very well until March. It is completely unclear why this apple variety is not included in the State Register of the Russian Federation.