Content
Plum Vengerka is one of the most demanded and widespread varieties due to its excellent taste. Experienced gardeners choose this particular variety, because they consider it unpretentious and fruitful.
Breeding history of the variety
Plum was created in the XX century by Hungarian gardeners and at first it was cultivated exclusively in Hungary. This fact explains the origin of the name of the plum. In Russia, the Vengerka variety has been growing recently, but has already achieved popularity among many experienced gardeners and amateurs.
Description of varieties of plum Vengerka
Most Wengers are self-fertile and do not need additional pollinators. The height of the tree is about 5–6 m. The crone is characterized by the shape of an oval or elongated pyramid. Reddish shoots are characterized by firmness and rapid growth. The Hungarian plum tolerates drought and frost well, and also does not undergo dangerous diseases inherent in the culture.
The main feature of plums is their high sugar content, density and minimal dry matter. The small fruit has a lilac or violet hue and a characteristic ellipse pointed at the edges. Juicy and sweet flesh has a yellowish tint. The variety is suitable for cultivation in regions with moderate climatic conditions.
Korneevskaya
The result of the selection of the Volgograd and Bogatyrskaya plums. It got its name in honor of R.V. Korneev, who made a huge contribution to the creation of a hybrid. The pollinators of the plum Hungarian Korneevskaya are Skorospelka and Winter Red, but their presence is not necessary due to the possibility of self-pollination.
Description of the plum variety Vengerka Korneevskaya: large juicy fruits 35 g each, dark brown skin color, tasty amber pulp, short fruiting period and high yield. The winter hardiness of the Vengerka Korneevskaya plum is high, but proper care is required due to its poor resistance to certain diseases. The height of the plum tree Hungarian Korneevskaya is average, the crown is branchy, elongated.
Moscow
Plum Vengerka Moskovskaya (Tsaritsynskaya) is one of the first varieties. It was created in 1947 by European breeders and is intended for areas with moderate climatic conditions. Tasting score of Moscow Hungarian plum: 4.3.
The main feature is increased resistance to frost and disease. The tree can withstand temperatures down to -30 degrees. The variety gives rich harvests with pleasant taste. Perfect for making preserves for the winter, as well as for long-term transportation. The pollinators of the Hungarian Moskovskaya plum are Skorospelka Krasnaya, Michurinskaya and Peaches. They will significantly increase yields and fruiting.
Belarusian
Plum Hungarian Belorusskaya is the result of the work of Belarusian breeders who pollinated the seedlings of Delicate plum and Stanley in 2009. It has a moderate height, a wide crown, and the fruits are large in size and have a sweet and sour taste. The variety is resistant to various diseases and is able to quickly recover from frost.
Donetsk
Plum Vengerka Donetskaya was bred by a branch of the Donetsk Institute of Horticulture. Its main characteristics are stature, spreading crown and average life expectancy. The fruit has a dense dark skin and a juicy amber pulp.
Of all the varieties of this group, Donetskaya plum early ripens earlier than other varieties due to its good resistance to frost. It is important to know that dry sandy soil is categorically unsuitable for the growth of crops, and the groundwater level when planting the Vengerka Donetskaya plum should have a maximum indicator. As a pollinator, you can use Italian and Analta.
Pulkovskaya
It is found on the territory of the Leningrad Region and is the result of folk selection, and the description of the Vengerka Pulkovskaya plum slightly differs from the Moscow one. Tall tree with a spreading crown in the shape of a cylinder. Fruits are small, purple in color with small red spots. The pale yellow pulp has a peculiar taste. A great option for homemade preparations for the winter.
It tolerates a frosty and dry climate, and is also rarely exposed to diseases inherent in the culture. To increase yields by 5 times, you can use pollinators: Moskovskaya, Skorospelka and Winter.
Voronezh
Plum Hungarian Voronezh is widespread in the south of Russia due to the most suitable climatic conditions. A compact tree with large purple fruits. Due to its sour taste and good pulp density, it is often used to prepare blanks for the winter. Plum needs pollinators, which are suitable varieties Renklod and Michurinskaya.
Michurinskaya
The Vengerka Michurinskaya variety is distinguished by its fast ripening and a good yield indicator. Its demand is due to its good resistance to frost. Fruits are small in size, with a sucrose, juicy green pulp and a small stone. The variety is self-fertile.
Yellow
The variety Hungarian Zheltaya is widespread throughout Russia and is named because of the presence of a juicy yellowish pulp. The tree is resistant to frosty and dry climates. Does not require additional pollinators to improve the quality of the crop.
Italian
The most famous Hungarian variety. It differs in the dimensions of the tree and large fruits, which perfectly tolerate long-term storage and transportation. It is cultivated in the southern regions of Russia. It is not resistant to diseases and droughts, therefore it needs timely watering. Plum Hungarian Italiana belongs to self-fertile varieties. But to improve yields, you can plant other varieties of Vengerka nearby.
Early
It grows in warm regions of Russia. Differs in increased productivity and excellent taste properties of plums. The plant is very sensitive to strong weather changes and requires preventive work against pests. It does not need pollinators, but if you wish, you can plant Anna Shpet or Altana.
Monastic
The variety Vengerka Monastyrskaya is widespread in all regions due to its unpretentiousness to the growing environment. Differs in increased frost resistance. The tree is spreading, tall, and the fruit is large and juicy. This variety of Vengerka is self-fertile and long-lived.
Bogatyrskaya
In one of the Lower Volga institutes, crossing the Giant and Domashnaya plums, they obtained a unique variety, which, due to the large number of large fruits, was named Hungarian Bogatyrskaya, although the tree itself is not tall. It is resistant to weather changes and diseases. For fruiting, it does not need planting pollinator varieties.
Ural
This plum Vengerka was bred in the Urals, at the Sverdlovsk horticultural selection station. The tree is low, thin, and the oval juicy fruits are large in size. The yield is high, and the fruiting is regular. Variety Vengerka Uralskaya is frost-resistant and self-fertile.
Azhanskaya
The homeland of the early plum Hungarian Azhanskaya is France. The height of the tree is 4.5–5 m.The fruits are large, with thick skin and juicy greenish pulp. The Vengerka variety is not resistant to sudden changes in the weather and is often subject to diseases. For yields, it is worth planting the Renclode variety next to it.
Dubovskaya
The Vengerka Dubovskaya variety is rarely found in Russia, mainly in the Volgograd region, where it was bred. It is valued for its good disease immunity and frost resistance. Small juicy fruits are oval-shaped. For a rich harvest, you need to choose the right pollinator, for example, Anna Shpet or Volgogradskaya.
New
Plum Vengerka Novaya is characteristic of the North Caucasus due to its excellent recovery after prolonged drought and frost. The tree is of moderate growth, the yield is average, and the fruits are of good quality and uniform in shape and size. It is often affected by diseases and the moth. Plum does not require pollinators.
Zarechnaya
The variety is known for its good yield, pleasant taste and resistance to abrupt climate changes. Plum Vengerka Zarechnaya grows throughout Russia. Large bluish fruits are formed in early July. The culture is self-fertile.
Home (Ordinary)
Plum Hungarian Home (Ordinary, Ugorka or Moldavian) is widespread in regions of Russia with a warm, temperate climate, because it does not tolerate severe cold weather. Grows well in the Kursk and Voronezh regions. The tree is massive, spreading, and the juicy, sweet fruits are small in size. Ugorka plum care is essential for a good harvest. If possible, Italian or Altana should be used as a pollinator.
Wangenheim
Better than all other varieties of plum Hungerka Wangenheim tolerates cold, due to which it can be cultivated throughout Russia and other countries. It has a pleasant, delicate fruit taste and a small pit. Does not need pollination.
Oposhnyanskaya
Oposhnyanskaya Hungarian plum comes from Ukraine, where it is grown in large quantities. Differs in friable, sugary pulp and small bones. It is characterized by high yield and long shelf life. Plum prefers warmer soils because it cannot tolerate extreme cold. The culture is self-fertile.
Landing features
Plum planting is a very important event, on which the quality and quantity of the crop depends. It should be treated with special attention and caution, having studied all the advice of experienced gardeners.
Recommended timing
In the spring, there is a possibility that the plum will not take root, so planting should be carried out at the end of summer. The ideal dates are between the third decade of August and the beginning of September.
Choosing the right place
For growing Hungarian plums, it is recommended to choose a sunny place at the top, since a lot of moisture and cold air accumulates in the lowlands. The site should warm up well and be protected from drafts. The main features of the soil are looseness, nutritional value and the absence of an acidic environment.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby
An excellent neighbor for the Hungarian plum will be a suitable pollinator with the same flowering time. It is not recommended to plant berry bushes next to the tree, as they can hinder the growth and development of germinating shoots.
Selection and preparation of planting material
When choosing a plum sapling, you should pay attention to its appearance. There should be no symptoms of diseases, lichens, as well as dry leaves or broken branches.
Landing algorithm
Before planting Vengerka plums, you must carefully study the sequence of the process, which consists of several stages:
- Choose the ideal plum seedlings and the optimal place for their growth.
- Dig holes 70 cm deep at a distance of 3–7 meters from each other.
- Place the plum sapling so that the root collar remains 3–5 cm above the ground.
- Cover with fertile soil mixed with 250 g of supersulfate solution and 1 bucket of peat or humus.
- To compact the soil well, water using 3 buckets of water.
Plum care Hungarian
The first years of plum life are characterized by the rapid growth of the crown, so regular pruning is necessary. With its help, gardeners simulate the appearance of a tree, the load on its skeletal part. It is recommended to treat the places of cuts after cutting with a special solution.
The Hungarian plum variety tolerates winter well if properly prepared for cold weather. In the fall, you need to wrap the root collar with sphagnum and whitewash the trunk. And also before the onset of frost, the trunk circle should be mulched - this is also a good method of protection from rodents if you use a coarser material. When the first snow falls, you need to carefully tamp it around the plum.
The root system of the Hungarian plum does not grow deeply, therefore it needs abundant watering. It is necessary to regularly check the moisture content of the soil around the tree and, if necessary, add 5 buckets of water at a time. When forming fruits, the amount of liquid must be increased by at least a third. You can refuse feeding in the first year, but in the second year it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers. Adult plums, which are already bearing fruit, need superphosphate and growth stimulants.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
An important part of caring for a Hungarian plum is to protect it from diseases and pests with the help of effective chemicals and the implementation of mandatory agricultural techniques. To do this, you need to know what dangers are characteristic of the culture, and how to deal with them.
| Disease | Symptoms | Prophylaxis | Treatment | |
| Black knotty | On young branches, swellings appear, which over time thicken and crack. This leads to the death and drying of the branches. | Spray with Bordeaux mixture (1%) or similar substitutes until new leaves begin to form. | Cut off and burn the affected parts of the plant, disinfect the sections with copper sulfate (1%), apply oil paint. | |
| Hole spot | Small red spots appear in large numbers on the leaves, in the place of which holes are formed. Leaves and shoots dry out, and the fruits are deformed. | Water moderately and dispose of weeds. | Spray the plant with Bordeaux solution (1%) or HOM preparation. Before and after flowering. If the disease continues to progress, repeat the procedure after harvest. | |
| Rust | The formation of yellow spots on the leaf blades, which are covered with a brown bloom on the reverse side. In the future, they dry up and fall off. | Remove weeds, loosen the soil. | Carry out 2-3 treatments with Bordeaux solution (1%) with an interval of 10 days. | |
| Pest | Prophylaxis | Mary struggle | ||
| Moth | Remove weeds and loosen the soil. | Treat the tree with insecticides, and collect and burn the fallen shoots. | ||
| Unpaired silkworm | Timely pruning of branches and processing of the trunk. | Manually collect eggs and caterpillars. Treat the culture with chemical or natural preparations. | ||
In order to preserve the orchard, it is necessary to regularly inspect it for the presence of pests and symptoms of the disease and to correct the problem in a timely manner.
Conclusion
Plum Vengerka is a reliable and proven variety that will bring a rich harvest even after a frosty winter. The culture will delight for a long time with its delicious and high-quality fruits, if all the recommendations for planting and care are followed.
