Content
Sweet cherry is a traditionally southern culture. Thanks to the work of breeders, it is gradually moving north. But most varieties are designed to be grown in warm summers and light winter frosts. These are the varieties of sweet cherries, united by the name Rossoshanskaya. The Rossoshanskaya Golden cherry is especially prominent: a description of the variety, a photo, reviews about it will be given below.
Breeding history
Under the name Rossoshanskaya there is not one, but three varieties at once. All of them were brought out at the Rossoshan experimental station, which is located in the vicinity of Voronezh, that is, in the central black earth region. The originator of varieties of cherries called Rossoshanskaya is the breeder Voronchikhina A.Ya.
At the moment they are not included in the State Register, but they were previously there. These varieties are very popular with gardeners in Ukraine and the southern regions of Russia for their undoubted merits, as evidenced by reviews of Rossoshanskaya black, large and gold cherries. Let's give a description of Rossoshanskaya cherry for each species.
Description of culture
The common name unites trees that are unlike in appearance of fruits and varietal characteristics.
Rossoshanskaya large
Description of the cherry variety Rossoshanskaya large should start with the fruit. Her berries are really large, reaching a mass of 6.7 g. Their shape is rounded - oval, slightly flattened from the sides, the color is very beautiful, rich maroon.
The crown of the Rossoshanskaya tree is large and has a medium density, pyramidal shape with vertically growing branches. This variety is excellent for growing in small garden plots, since the tree is compact and short - no more than 4 m. During flowering, the Rossoshanskaya large cherry is very decorative due to its large snow-white flowers.
The variety is intended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region.
Rossosh black
Not every variety can boast of such dark berries as Rossoshanskaya black cherry. They are indeed almost black with a barely noticeable burgundy tint. Large rounded berries have a very small bone and dense flesh. If they are fully ripe, it is easy to tear them off the stalk - the separation is dry, the stone also separates easily.
Photo of black Rossoshanskaya cherry:
According to the description of the cherry variety Rossoshanskaya black, a short tree does not grow higher than 3 m. It is convenient to care for it and the berries are easy to pick. The neat crown is in the shape of a pyramid. Strong foliage, especially in young shoots.
Reviews of Rossoshanskaya black cherry indicate that it gives an excellent harvest in the North Caucasian, Central Chernozem and Lower Volga regions, where it is zoned. There it is grown not only in private gardens, but also industrially.
Rossoshansk gold
We will begin with the description of the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry variety by the fact that it fully justifies its name. Fleshy berries of sunny color have a mass of up to 7 g. The description of the Golden cherry suggests that the tree, illuminated by the sun all day, gives berries with a pinkish tint. Photo of golden cherries.
The fruits are heart-shaped, slightly flattened on the sides. This variety is one of the ten most delicious and sought-after varieties. Reviews of the Golden Rossoshanskaya cherry are usually enthusiastic, and there is a reason: a tasting score of 5 points is an excellent characteristic of berries. Barely noticeable acidity and honey tint in the taste make it different from the berries of other varieties, this is always noted in the description of the Golden cherry variety. Among the cherries, there are not so many trees with yellow fruits, but even against their background it compares favorably, which is confirmed by the description of the Rossoshanskaya yellow sweet cherry variety. The fruits are well transported, since the pulp has a dense structure and dry separation from the stalk.
The description of the Rossoshanskaya Zolotaya variety will be incomplete, if not to say about the dimensions of the tree. It is very convenient for small gardens that it has a low growth force - no more than 3 m. Like other varieties from this series, the crown is pyramidal, leafy in an average degree.
Photo of golden cherry:
Video about Rossoshanskaya golden cherry:
Characteristics
The characteristics of the Rossoshanskaya cherry variety will fully show the features of each variety, their suitability for growing in a garden plot.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
Cherry does not like stagnant water, it prefers drought to it. All varieties of cherries from the Rossoshanskaya series, except for Golden, have such drought resistance. It is demanding on the moisture content, but its excess harms it. Rossoshanskaya black tolerates high temperatures well without harming the crop.
The frost resistance of golden cherries is at an average level: due to early flowering, it inevitably falls under return frosts in the middle lane. In this case, the harvest cannot be expected. But in the south it is fenced off. In Large and Black, frost resistance is higher, but to the north of the Chernozem region in frosty winters, flower buds can freeze slightly. Frost cracks are also observed on the bark.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
Rossoshanskaya golden bloom already in April, and ripens at the end of June, which is an average period for the southern regions. This tree is self-fertile, so there must be other varieties nearby, for example, the Ovstuzhenka cherry or the Miracle cherry cherry-cherry hybrid. These are the best pollinators for Rossoshanskaya golden cherries.
Rossoshanskaya black blooms in May and ripens later - in mid-July. The cultivar is partly self-fertile, but yields higher yields in the presence of pollinators.
Rossoshanskaya large ripens at a later date, is partially self-fertile and bears fruit better in the vicinity of other cherries.
Productivity, fruiting
Already in the fourth or fifth year, depending on the care, the trees begin to present the first berries. In the future, the yield is constantly growing and reaches 25 kg from one adult tree in the varieties Rossoshanskaya large and Rossoshanskaya black, which is a lot, given their height. Zolotoy Rossoshanskaya has average yields, but this deficiency is compensated by the excellent taste of the fruits.
Scope of berries
The taste of all these varieties is dessert, so most of the harvest is eaten fresh, the rest is processed into compote or jam.
Disease and pest resistance
It is medium in varieties of sweet cherries, united by the name Rossoshanskaya. Therefore, preventive treatments will be needed.
Advantages and disadvantages
Cherry varieties Rossoshanskaya gold, large, black have good consumer qualities. Let's consider their advantages and disadvantages using the example of Rossoshanskaya golden cherry.For convenience, we will summarize them in a table.
Dignity | disadvantages |
Great taste | Average frost resistance |
Good transportability | Average yield |
Stable fruiting | Self-infertility |
Compact size of the tree | Average resistance to diseases and pests |
Black and Large have better winter hardiness compared to Golden, disease resistance is also higher.
Landing features
Like every fruit crop, the Golden Rossoshanskaya cherry has its own cultivation characteristics. They must be taken into account so that the trees can reach their full potential.
Recommended timing
A feature of the Rossoshanskaya Zolotaya cherry variety is its large annual growth. In a young tree, they may not mature before the onset of winter and eventually freeze over, so the autumn planting of these trees is not too desirable. In the spring, they are planted immediately after warming up the soil.
Autumn planting is possible only after the end of the leaf fall, provided that before the onset of frost there will be at least another month for the tree to take root.
Choosing the right place
For planting the Rossoshanskaya yellow cherry, they choose an elevated place without stagnation of cold air. It must meet the following conditions:
- be protected from cold winds;
- be illuminated throughout the day;
- the standing of groundwater should be low;
- there should not accumulate or stagnate water;
- soils are preferable loose, well-structured, loam or sandy loam with a neutral reaction is suitable.
For the cultivation of Rossoshanskaya golden cherries, places where cold air accumulates, in winter the temperature there is several degrees lower, which causes freezing of the shoots.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Cherry Rossoshanskaya gold is quite picky about its neighbors. It is best for her to grow next to a cherry or plum tree. Cherry as a neighbor does not suit the cherry, just like the apple tree. But it gets along well with any berry bushes.
Selection and preparation of planting material
The largest assortment of sweet cherry seedlings on sale occurs precisely in the fall, when the time for planting them is not considered favorable. At this time, you can choose a high quality Golden Cherry tree, it can safely overwinter in a buried form, waiting for the spring planting.
What criteria should the seedling meet:
- it must be vaccinated - the vaccination site is clearly visible.Warning! Seedlings propagated from seeds do not always repeat parental characteristics.
- the presence of a powerful root system: - from 2 to 4 branched shoots and a good root lobe;
- the roots should be whitish-green in color and elastic;
- shoots - it is easy to bend, and the bark on them does not flake off.
Landing algorithm
If the soil does not meet the requirements for the growth of cherries, it must be improved by adding sand, clay. For each square. m make:
- up to 10 kg of rotted organic matter;
- up to 200 g of complete mineral fertilizer.
With an acidic reaction of the soil, it is limed in the season preceding planting.
It is carried out as follows:
- prepare a pit up to 60 cm deep and up to 80 in diameter;
- drive a stake into the hole - a tree will be tied to it after planting.Advice! In the process of preparation, the top layer of soil 25 cm high should be set aside.
- mix it with 15 kg of well-ripened humus;
- from mineral fertilizers, 60 g of potassium sulfate (can be replaced with 300 g of ash) and 120 g of superphosphate are used;
- 2/3 of the potash and phosphorus fertilizers should be laid on the bottom of the pit and sealed with loosening, the rest is mixed with a part of fertile soil, a mound is formed from it about 1/3 of the height of the pit;
- the seedling is placed on it, carefully spreading the roots on the sides, and covered with prepared soil;
- when they are half covered with earth, a bucket of water is poured into the pit.
You need to carefully monitor the position of the root collar. It should not be buried in the soil. It is better if the root collar protrudes a couple of centimeters above it. After the soil subsides, it will be located at the desired level.
The tree is watered, compacting the soil before this. A roller around the barrel circle will help keep the water from flowing. A thin layer of peat or humus is laid so that moisture in the soil remains longer. The obligatory operation is to tie the seedling and shorten the central and lateral shoots by about 1/3.
Follow-up care of the culture
Sweet cherries are sensitive to moisture in the soil. It is optimal to organize drip irrigation for it and mulch the near-trunk circle with mowed grass.
The tree needs to be fed with nitrogen fertilizers in the spring. At the beginning of July, they give top dressing with complex fertilizers, and in September - with phosphorus and potash fertilizers.
This culture grows very quickly, sometimes the annual growth can be up to one meter, so constant formation is necessary.
To lower the height of a mature tree, the center conductor is removed at the beginning of fruiting. After thinning the crown, the sweet cherry should have a sparse tiered appearance, in each of the tiers there are three skeletal branches. From one tier to another, there should be 50 cm. Especially carefully cut off annual growths, since flower buds are located at their base.
If the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry is grown in areas with cold winters, in the first 3-4 years of life, the tree is carefully protected from frost, wrapped with spruce branches and non-woven covering material. For the winter, the root zone must be mulched with a layer of humus. In autumn, the trees are whitewashed with a lime solution to which a fungicide has been added. The young stem is protected from rodents using a special net. Trees that received water-charging irrigation in autumn will withstand winter frosts much better.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Cherry Zolotaya Rossoshanskaya is loved not only by people, but also by pests. With an average resistance to fungal diseases, it requires mandatory preventive treatments from them. The main diseases of the Golden Rossoshanskaya cherry and the measures to combat them can be summarized in the table.
Name | Manifestation | How to fight |
Brown and fruit rot | Brown spots on leaves and berries | Copper fungicides |
Clasterosporium disease | Spots, and then holes on the leaves, which fall off over time. The fruits dry up. | Prophylactically treated with copper-containing fungicides. Treat with Nitrafen, excluding the flowering period and 3 weeks before harvest |
Coccomycosis | Pink spots on the front of the sheet and pink bloom on the inside | Three-fold processing with Hom, Topaz: along the green cone, after flowering and harvesting |
Moniliosis | Shoots, leaves dry up, berries rot | Treatment with Nitrafen and Oleocubrite before and after flowering |
Anthracnose | Pink dots appear on the berries. They dry up | Three times treatment with Polyram, the terms are the same as for coccomycosis |
Sweet cherry moniliosis:
Of the pests on the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry, you can most often see various sawflies, from which Iskra-M and Pyriton help.
Slimy Sawfly:
Cherry and pear tubers roll the leaves into a tube, then they dry up. They fight them with Carbophosphate.
For cherry weevil, which damages all green parts of the plant, use Karbofos or Intavir.
It also helps with cherry aphids. Cherry shoot moth and cherry fly are destroyed with Iskra.
Conclusion
Sweet cherry Rossoshanskaya yellow - one of the best in the entire world range of sweet cherries. Gardeners love her for her great berry taste, despite the fact that she is quite demanding to grow. Cherry Zolotaya Rossoshanskaya gives high yields in those regions where it is zoned. Lovers of experimenting can grow it in the middle lane, forming it in the form of a bush.
