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Owning your own wind turbine is very beneficial. First, the person receives free electricity. Secondly, electricity can be obtained in places remote from civilization, where power lines do not pass. A wind turbine is a device designed to generate kinetic wind energy. Many craftsmen have learned how to assemble a vertical wind generator with their own hands, and we will now find out how this is done.
The device and types of wind turbines
Wind generators have many names, but it is more correct to designate them as a wind farm. The wind farm consists of electrical equipment and a mechanical structure - a wind turbine, which are interconnected into a single system. The electrical installation helps turn the wind into an energy source.
There are many types of wind generators, but according to the location of the working axis, they are conventionally divided into two groups:
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Horizontal-axis windmills are the most common. The electrical installation is characterized by high efficiency. In addition, the mechanism itself is better able to withstand hurricanes, and in light winds, the rotor starts faster. Horizontal wind turbines have easier power regulation.
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Vertical-axis windmills are capable of operating even at low wind speeds. Turbines are quiet and easier to manufacture, so most often they are installed by craftsmen in their yard. However, the design feature of the vertical wind turbine allows it to be installed only low from the ground. Because of this, the efficiency of the electrical installation is greatly reduced.
Wind generators are distinguished by the type of impeller:
- Propeller or vane models are equipped with blades that are perpendicular to the working horizontal shaft.
- Carousel models are also called rotary. They are typical for vertical wind turbines.
- Drum models similarly have a vertical working axis.
For the generation of kinetic wind energy on an industrial scale, propeller-driven wind turbines are commonly used. Drum and carousel models are large in size, as well as a less efficient mechanism.
All wind turbines can be equipped with a multiplier. This gearbox makes a lot of noise during operation. In household windmills, multipliers are usually not used.
The principle of operation of a windmill
It should be noted that the principle of operation of a wind generator is the same, regardless of its design and appearance. Energy generation starts from the moment the wind turbine blades rotate. At this time, a magnetic field is created between the rotor and the stator of the generator. It serves as a source of energy that generates electricity.
So, as we found out, a wind generator consists of two main parts: a rotating mechanism with blades and a generator. Now about the work of the multiplier. This gearbox is installed on a wind turbine to increase the speed of the working shaft.
During the rotation of the rotor of the generator, an alternating current is generated, that is, three phases come out. The generated energy goes to the controller, and from there it goes to the battery. There is another important device in this chain - an inverter. It converts the current to stable parameters and delivers it through the network to the consumer.
Wind turbine industrial craft 2
In the field of wind energy, the kinetic wind turbine industrial craft 2, which has a modified unit for generating wind energy, is well known. To calculate the power of an electrical installation, the sum of the speeds of its working bodies is multiplied by a value of 0.1.The size of the working area is determined by the dimensions of the rotor. During rotation, it generates kinetic kU, not electrical energy EU.
The rotation of the blades depends on the gusts of the wind. The most optimal speed is observed at an altitude of 160-162 m. Thunderstorms increase the wind speed by 50%, and simple rain - up to 20%.
The rotors of the industrial craft 2 wind turbine differ in the dimensions and material of the blades, as well as the limiting indicators of the wind force at which they are able to work:
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a wooden rotor with 5x5 blades is designed for a range of wind speeds from 10 to 60 MCW;
the iron rotor with 7x7 blades is designed for the speed range - from 14 to 75 MCW; - steel rotor with 9x9 blades is designed for a range of air flow rates from 17 to 90 MCW;
- Carbon fiber rotor with 11x11 blades is designed for a range of air velocities from 20 to 110 MCW.
Industrial craft 2 kinetic wind turbines are not placed close to the same level with their backs to each other.
Self-made vertical wind turbine
In self-manufacture, a wind turbine with a vertical shaft is the simplest. The blades are made from any material, the main thing is that it is resistant to moisture and the sun, and also be light. For the blades of a home wind generator, you can use the PVC pipe used in the construction of the sewage system. This material meets all of the above requirements. Four blades with a height of 70 cm are cut out of plastic, plus two of the same are made of galvanized steel. Tin elements are shaped into a semicircle and then fixed on both sides of the pipe. The rest of the blades are fixed at the same distance in a circle. The radius of rotation of such a windmill will be 69 cm.
The next step is assembling the rotor. You will need magnets here. First, two ferrite discs with a diameter of 23 cm are taken. Using glue, six neodymium magnets are attached to one disc. With a magnet diameter of 165 cm, an angle of 60about... If these elements are smaller, then their number is increased. Magnets are not glued just at random, but alternately change polarity. Ferrite magnets are attached to the second disc in a similar way. The whole structure is poured abundantly with glue.
The hardest part is making the stator. You need to find a copper wire 1 mm thick and make nine coils from it. Each element must contain exactly 60 turns. Further, the stator electrical circuit is assembled from the finished coils. All nine of them are laid out in a circle. First, the ends of the first and fourth coils are connected. Next, connect the second free end of the fourth to the output of the seventh coil. The result is an element of one phase from three coils. The circuit of the second phase is assembled from the following three coils in sequence, starting from the second element. The latter is collected in the same way, the third phase, starting with the third coil.
To fix the circuit, a shape is cut out of plywood. Fiberglass is placed on top of it, and a circuit of nine coils is laid out on it. All this is poured with glue, and then left to solidify. Not earlier than in a day, the rotor with the stator can be connected. First, the rotor is placed with the magnets up, the stator is placed on it, and the second disc is placed on top with the magnets down. The connection principle can be seen in the photo.
Now is the time to assemble the wind turbine. His entire circuit will consist of an impeller with blades, a battery and an inverter. To increase the torque, it is advisable to install a reducer. Installation works are in the following order:
- A strong mast is welded from a steel corner, pipes or profile. In height, it must raise the impeller with blades above the roof ridge.
- The foundation is poured under the mast. Be sure to make reinforcement and provide for anchoring protruding from the concrete.
- Further, an impeller with a generator is fixed to the mast.
- After installing the mast on the foundation, it is attached to the anchors, after which it is reinforced with steel braces. For these purposes, a cable or steel rod with a thickness of 10-12 mm is suitable.
When the mechanical part of the wind generator is ready, they begin to assemble the electrical circuit. The generator will output three-phase current. To obtain a constant voltage, a rectifier of diodes is installed in the circuit. Battery charging is monitored via a vehicle relay. The inverter ends the circuit, from which the required 220 volts goes to the home network.
The output power of such a wind generator depends on the wind speed. For example, at 5 m / s, the electrical installation will give out about 15 W, and at 18 m / s, you can get up to 163 W. To increase productivity, the windmill mast is lengthened to 26 m.At this height, the wind speed is 30% higher, which means that the electricity will be about one and a half times more.
The video shows the assembly of a generator for a wind turbine:
Assembling a wind turbine is a tricky business. You need to know the basics of electrical engineering, be able to read diagrams and use a soldering iron.
